Chapter 3 (Subjects of PIL) Notes of Public International Law
a. International Organizations as a Subject of International Law 1. Concept and Definition Concept International organizations (IOs) are entities established by sovereign states through international agreements (usually treaties) to carry out common objectives. Unlike non-governmental organizations (NGOs), which are governed by national laws, IOs operate under international law and play a significant role in global governance. Definition Martin Dixon defines international organizations as "entities created by treaties between states and endowed with rights and obligations under international law". Ian Brownlie describes them as "entities possessing international rights and obligations and having the capacity to maintain their rights by bringing international claims and being responsible for breaches of obligations". The ICJ Reparation for Injuries Case (1949) recognized the United Nations as having an object...